Recently, I heard a colleague happily announced that a certain project does not need to print bidding documents, all adopt electronic bidding mode. Her joy is not unique, the same scene is playing out in large numbers across China, reflecting the popular application of electronic bidding and bidding, as well as the trend of electronic bidding instead of traditional paper bidding mode. The nightmare of soft printing, cramping stamping and even forklift deliveries may be over for busy bidders. The rise of a new era will inevitably be accompanied by the back of the old era. When we stand at the crossroads of the development of electronic tendering and bidding, it is very necessary to have a clear view of the past and present lives of electronic tendering and bidding, in order to choose the right way forward. The road is long, and you must wait for it.
Abroad: Japan took the lead in the implementation of electronic bidding, the world has been cited
Japan is an early adopter of e-tendering, having begun exploring the project as early as the 1990s as part of its e-Japan strategy. Subsequently, Germany, the United States, Canada, South Korea, the Philippines and other countries have gradually implemented electronic bidding in the field of public procurement. Since 2005, the World Bank has gradually introduced electronic tendering in its loan projects in Brazil, Indonesia, Laos and other countries. Electronic bidding is being used more and more widely around the world.
Domestic: Electronic bidding started from Ministry of Commerce, 17 years of development is now quite mature
Domestic electronic bidding started from the Ministry of Commerce. In 2001, the Ministry of Commerce took the lead in using the electronic bidding system in international bidding, and its main business process realized online operation, which opened the precedent of electronic bidding in our country. Subsequently, electronic bidding is popularized in our country and presents a fast development trend. The scope of electronic bidding has gradually expanded from simple goods bidding to engineering and service bidding. The bidding process covered by electronic bidding has gradually developed from the early online announcement of bidding, sale of bidding documents and publicity after winning the bid to the online bid opening, electronic bid evaluation and other links.
In recent years, some domestic regions and industries have also carried out exploration, development and utilization, accumulated a lot of experience from practice, formulate a lot of programmatic policies and regulations, such as:
In 2007, Sichuan Province adopted an electronic bid evaluation system.
In April 2008, the remote bid evaluation system for domestic construction projects was officially launched in Suzhou, and it has been implemented in Jiangsu Province since July 1, 2009.
In July 2014, Shenzhen became a pilot city for electronic tendering and bidding innovation in China. Later, it was expanded to Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Gansu, Guangzhou, Kunming, Yibin and other 9 provinces and cities.
On February 4, 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission published the "Electronic Tendering and Bidding Measures", which is the programmatic document of the implementation of electronic tendering and bidding in China, and it will become an important milestone in the development of China's tendering and bidding industry.
On February 23, 2017, six ministries and commissions issued the "Internet Plus" Bidding and Procurement Action Plan (2017-2019), which clearly pointed out that efforts should be made to develop electronic bidding and procurement and promote the deep integration of bidding and procurement with the Internet.
The above series of electronic bidding pilot projects and policy promotion make electronic bidding quickly develop in the country and become the mainstream bidding mode in engineering construction, government procurement, mineral trading and other fields. Looking ahead, how will e-tendering develop?
Future: The government, large state-owned enterprises and third-party institutions join forces to construct a sound ecology of electronic bidding
As the main three parties involved in the electronic tendering and bidding market, the government, large state-owned enterprises and third-party electronic tendering and bidding institutions can only build a sound ecology of the industry and an efficient, open, fair and just industrial pattern by cooperating fully. As the main body of the trading center of public resources, the government must fulfill its supervision and management responsibilities, accelerate the reform of the separation of the three networks, separate the administrative supervision platform, public service platform and electronic bidding and bidding trading platform, assign different functions to professionals, and guide market capital to participate actively, which can effectively prevent insider trading. Improve the overall work efficiency and transparency of the industry.
In this process, we have carried out a lot of model exploration, among which the Heze model introduced market mechanism has become a popular mainstream model. The major highlight of this model is that it puts into practice the three-platform architecture design of "Electronic Bidding and Tendering Measures" in a pioneering way, and truly reflects the development principles of marketization, specialization and intensification of the trading platform.
So, what is Heze model? We can simplify this to A plus 1 plus N.
Where, A is the supervision department, representing a multi-level and multi-department supervision system, 1 is the public service platform, N is the trading platform; A realizes effective supervision of N trading platforms through one public service platform. Between A and A, between A and N, and between N and N, through the hub of 1, interconnection and information sharing are realized, so as to ensure that all relevant subjects of electronic tendering and bidding perform their functions and operate effectively. By adopting A+1+N mode, Heze City no longer builds its own trading platform, but introduces several professional trading platforms through the government purchase of services, so as to realize the market-oriented allocation of public services. Meanwhile, the supervision department can effectively supervise multiple trading platforms through the public service platform.
"Heze Model" well reflects the design of the three platforms in "Electronic Tendering and Bidding Measures", and represents the future direction of the development of China's electronic tendering and bidding.
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