The Arab republic of Egypt (Arabic: ج م ه organisation ر ي ة م ص an ل ع ر ب ي ة ), hereinafter referred to as "Egypt", across Asia, the two continents, mostly in northeast Africa, Libya in the west, south Sudan, the red sea and in the east border with the palestinians, and Israel, the Mediterranean Sea in the north. The northern coast has a Mediterranean climate, and the rest of the country has a tropical desert climate. It consists of plains, valleys and plateaus. The total area is 1000145 square kilometers, and the coastline is about 2900 kilometers long.
As of May 2021, Egypt has a total population of over 100 million and its capital is Cairo. Egypt is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. Menes united Egypt in 3200 BC to establish the first slave-holding state, which went through the Early Kingdom, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom and Post-Dynastic periods. The Old Kingdom began to build pyramids on a massive scale. Economic development and Renaissance in the Middle Kingdom.
The new Kingdom became significantly more productive and began to expand abroad, becoming a military empire. In the post-dynastic period, internal unrest was frequent, foreign invasion was constant, and the national power was declining. Egypt became a province of the Persian Empire in 525 BC. Over the next thousand years, Egypt was conquered by Greece and Rome. In 641, the Arabs invaded and Egypt became increasingly Arabized, becoming an important center of Islam.
In 1517, it was conquered by the Turks and became a province of the Ottoman Empire. It became a British "protectorate" after British occupation in 1882. On February 28, 1922, Britain declared Egypt an independent country. On June 18, 1953, the Republic of Egypt was established.
On 1 September 1971, it was renamed the Arab Republic of Egypt. Egypt, home to the headquarters of the League of Arab States and a member of the African Union, plays an important role in Arab, African and international affairs. Egypt is the third largest economy in Africa. It is an open market economy with relatively complete industrial, agricultural and service systems. In 2020, Egypt's GDP was $363.069 billion.
